More than half a century after the last Apollo astronauts left the Moon, humanity is returning. Artemis II launched on April 1, 2026 at 6:35 PM EDT from Kennedy Space Center's Launch Complex 39B — sending four astronauts on a 10-day journey around the Moon and back. This isn't a landing mission. It's something equally important: a proving flight. Just as Apollo 8 tested whether humans could reach the Moon in 1968, Artemis II is testing whether a new generation of spacecraft can safely carry crew to the Moon and bring them home. Every system aboard — life support, navigation, communications, the heat shield — must work flawlessly before astronauts can land on the lunar surface in future missions.

2026年4月1日，肯尼迪航天中心39B发射台。五十三年的等待，在一声轰鸣中终结。阿尔忒弥斯二号不是登月任务——它是"通行证"。就像1968年阿波罗8号证明人类能抵达月球一样，这次飞行必须证明新一代飞船能安全地把宇航员送到月球并带回家。生命支持系统、导航、通信、隔热盾——每一个环节都必须在深空中经受真实的考验，才能为未来的登月任务铺平道路。荣耀属于今天，但今天的真正价值，在于它为明天创造了可能。

Artemis II follows a free-return trajectory — a flight path that uses the Moon's own gravity to sling the spacecraft back toward Earth. It's the same type of trajectory that saved the Apollo 13 crew in 1970. After launching into Earth orbit, the crew will spend about a day in high Earth orbit testing Orion's systems. Then a critical engine burn will push them toward the Moon. Four days later, they'll swing around the far side — passing approximately 4,700 miles (7,600 km) beyond the Moon — before the return journey back to Earth. At that distance, they're expected to become the farthest humans from Earth in history, surpassing the Apollo 13 record of 248,655 miles.

自由返回轨道——这条飞行路径借助月球自身引力把飞船"弹"回地球，是当年阿波罗13号爆炸后拯救三名宇航员的同款轨道。阿尔忒弥斯二号沿着这条轨迹出发：先在高椭圆地球轨道停留一天做系统检验，再点燃发动机奔向月球。四天后，飞船将绕过月球远端，在距月面约4700英里（7600公里）的位置飞掠——届时四名宇航员将成为人类史上距离地球最远的存在，打破1970年阿波罗13号创下的约40万公里纪录。就算发动机全部失效，月球引力也会把他们送回家。这条轨道，是宇宙给的一份保险。

Artemis II is packed with objectives that will determine the future of lunar exploration. Life support systems will undergo their first crewed test — oxygen, CO₂ scrubbing, water recycling, temperature regulation in deep space. Pilot Victor Glover will take manual control to test Orion's maneuvering, performing close formation flying with the spent rocket stage. High-bandwidth communications between the spacecraft and the Deep Space Network will be evaluated across vast distances. AVATAR experiments will study deep space radiation's effects on human tissues, while ARCHAR monitors astronaut sleep, movement, and immune systems. Finally, Orion will slam back into Earth's atmosphere at ~25,000 mph — the fastest crewed re-entry ever attempted — and its heat shield must survive temperatures approaching 5,000°F.

阿尔忒弥斯二号是一次密集的技术检验，每一个环节的成败都直接决定人类能否安全登月。生命支持系统将首次在深空进行载人测试，包括供氧、二氧化碳过滤、水循环和温度控制。飞行员维克托·格洛弗将亲手操控猎户座飞船，与废弃上面级进行近距离编队飞行，验证飞船的手动机动性能。超远距离深空通信链路同样列入考核。科学实验层面，AVATAR实验研究深空辐射对人体组织的影响，ARCHAR系统追踪宇航员的睡眠、运动和免疫状态。最后也是最惊险的一关：飞船以约每小时4万公里的速度冲入大气层，这是人类有史以来最快的载人再入，隔热盾必须承受接近2700摄氏度的高温，不容有失。

The mission has deep connections to Apollo. Its objectives mirror Apollo 8 (1968), which proved humans could safely travel to the Moon. Its trajectory resembles Apollo 13 (1970), the mission that used a free-return path to bring its crew safely home after an in-flight emergency. And it picks up where Apollo 17 (December 1972) left off — the last time any human ventured beyond low Earth orbit. But Artemis II isn't just repeating history. Its crew is more diverse than any deep-space mission before it. Its spacecraft is more advanced. And its purpose is fundamentally different: not just to visit the Moon, but to begin building a sustained human presence there — and eventually, to reach Mars.

阿尔忒弥斯二号与阿波罗计划之间有着深刻的血脉关联。它的使命镜像于阿波罗8号——1968年那次首次载人绕月飞行，证明了人类能活着抵达月球；它的轨道师承阿波罗13号——那次绝处逢生的传奇，靠的正是同款自由返回轨道；它接续的是阿波罗17号留下的历史缺口——1972年12月，人类最后一次离开近地轨道，此后半个多世纪，我们的脚步从未离地球那么远。但阿尔忒弥斯二号不是在重复历史。它的机组比任何一次深空任务都更具多样性，它的飞船技术远超那个年代，最重要的是——它的目标不再是"到此一游"，而是要把人类永久地送到月球，送向火星，送向更远的地方。

Reid Wiseman leads Artemis II as its commander — the first person to command a lunar mission since Gene Cernan flew Apollo 17 in 1972. A U.S. Navy Captain and F-14/F/A-18 combat veteran, Wiseman earned degrees from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and Johns Hopkins. Selected as an astronaut in 2009, he spent 165 days aboard the ISS in 2014, completing two spacewalks totaling nearly 13 hours, and later served as NASA's Chief of the Astronaut Office. But perhaps what defines him most isn't on his résumé: since losing his wife Carroll in 2020, he has been raising their two daughters as a single father. At 50, he became the oldest person ever to travel beyond low Earth orbit. "It'd be a lot easier just to sit on my couch," he told NBC News, "but there's four humans that were put in a position to go explore and do something very unique and rare in this civilization."

里德·怀斯曼是阿尔忒弥斯二号的指挥官，也是1972年阿波罗17号之后首位指挥月球任务的人类。美国海军上校、F-14和F/A-18战斗机飞行员，参加过多次实战部署，毕业于伦斯勒理工学院和约翰斯·霍普金斯大学。2009年入选宇航员团队，2014年在国际空间站驻留165天，完成两次舱外行走共约13小时，后任NASA宇航员办公室主任。但让他在队友眼中显得不同的，不是这些荣誉——而是他的生活本身。2020年妻子卡罗尔离世后，他一个人把两个女儿拉扯大。50岁出征深空，成为人类史上飞越近地轨道的最年长者。他说："躺在沙发上看球赛会容易得多。但我们四个人，被放在了一个特别的位置上，要去做这个文明里极为罕见的事。"

Victor Glover sits in the pilot's seat, making history as the first person of color to travel beyond low Earth orbit. Born in Pomona, California, Glover grew up inspired by a legacy of service — his grandfather served in the Air Force during the Korean War but faced barriers that kept him from a career in aviation. Glover flew the very aircraft his grandfather could only dream of: over 3,500 flight hours in more than 40 aircraft, 400+ carrier arrested landings, 24 combat missions. In 2020, he piloted the first operational SpaceX Crew Dragon to the ISS, spending 167 days in orbit and completing four spacewalks. He's bringing a Bible, his wedding rings, and family heirlooms to the Moon. Married to Dionna, they have four daughters.

维克托·格洛弗坐在飞行员席位上，成为人类历史上首位飞越近地轨道的有色人种。他出生于加利福尼亚州波莫纳市，祖父在朝鲜战争中服役于空军，却因肤色被拒于飞行员生涯门外。格洛弗飞上了祖父只能仰望的天空：累计飞行超3500小时，驾驶过40余种飞机，完成400余次航母拦阻着陆，执行过24次作战任务。2020年，他驾驶SpaceX首次商业载人任务抵达国际空间站，在轨停留167天，完成四次舱外行走。这次飞向月球，他随身带着一本圣经、婚戒和家族传家宝。与妻子迪奥娜育有四个女儿。他的祖父等了一辈子，他替他飞到了月球。

Christina Koch makes history as the first woman to travel beyond low Earth orbit. But long before she reached for the Moon, she learned to thrive in Earth's most extreme places. She spent three and a half years with the U.S. Antarctic Program, including a winter-over season at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station where temperatures plunged to −111°F (−79°C) — months without seeing the sun, working on firefighting and glacier search-and-rescue. She later worked at remote stations in Greenland and American Samoa, and helped build instruments for NASA's Juno mission to Jupiter. Then came her record-breaking ISS mission: 328 consecutive days in space (March 2019 – February 2020), the longest single spaceflight by a woman. She also participated in the first all-female spacewalk alongside Jessica Meir, completing six spacewalks totaling over 42 hours. TIME named her one of the 100 Most Influential People of 2020.

克里斯蒂娜·科赫是人类历史上首位飞越近地轨道的女性。但在她仰望月球之前，她早已习惯了在地球最极端的地方生存。在南极阿蒙森-斯科特极点站，她度过了漫长的冬季越冬，那里的气温低至零下七十九摄氏度，数月不见阳光，她还参与了消防和冰川搜救任务。格陵兰、美属萨摩亚——她走遍了地球上最与世隔绝的角落。她参与建造了NASA朱诺号木星探测器的科学仪器。随后在国际空间站创下连续在轨328天的女性纪录，与杰西卡·梅尔完成人类历史上首次全女性舱外行走，六次出舱共计超42小时。《时代》杂志将她列入2020年全球百大最具影响力人物。她10岁那年参观肯尼迪航天中心，带回两张海报。那个小女孩的梦，今天飞向了月球。

Jeremy Hansen is making history on multiple fronts: the first Canadian to travel to the Moon, the first non-American to venture beyond low Earth orbit — and he's doing it all on his very first spaceflight. Born in London, Ontario and raised on a farm near Ailsa Craig, Hansen joined the Royal Canadian Air Cadets at 12, earned degrees in Space Science and Physics from the Royal Military College, and flew CF-18 Hornets as a Colonel in the Royal Canadian Air Force. He prepared for spaceflight through extraordinary analog missions: living underwater in NASA's NEEMO 19 laboratory and exploring caves in Sardinia with ESA astronauts. Announced as an Artemis II crew member in April 2023 under a U.S.-Canada space cooperation agreement, he is carrying a moon-shaped pendant engraved with his family's birthstones and the words "moon and back." "We've become like a family at this point," he said of his crew after three years of training together.

杰里米·汉森同时创下多项历史：加拿大首位飞向月球的宇航员、首位飞越近地轨道的非美籍宇航员——而这一切，都将发生在他生命中的第一次太空飞行。在安大略省艾尔萨克雷格镇附近的农场长大，12岁加入皇家加拿大航空学员团，后在皇家军事学院获得航天科学和物理学学位，以上校军衔飞过CF-18大黄蜂战机。他用独特的方式为太空做准备：在水下实验室模拟月球任务，在撒丁岛洞穴里与ESA宇航员并肩探索。2023年4月，依据美加太空合作协议宣布入选机组。他随身携带一枚月牙形吊坠，上面镶嵌着家人的诞生石，刻着"月球与回家"。与三年来并肩训练的队友，他说："我们现在已经像一家人了。"

The Space Launch System stands 322 feet tall — taller than the Statue of Liberty — and generates 8.8 million pounds of thrust at liftoff, 15% more than the legendary Saturn V that carried Apollo astronauts to the Moon. The SLS Block 1 core stage (212 feet) is powered by four RS-25 engines — upgraded Space Shuttle Main Engines burning liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen. Two 177-foot solid rocket boosters each produce 3.6 million pounds of thrust, providing the bulk of the launch power for the first two minutes. Fully fueled, the SLS weighs 5.75 million pounds. The booster separation happens at about 3,100 mph and 30 miles altitude. The core stage burns for eight minutes total before separation, placing Orion into a highly elliptical initial orbit.

太空发射系统（SLS）高98米，比自由女神像还高，起飞推力达880万磅（约4000吨），比传奇的土星五号还强15%。其核心级高65米，由四台RS-25发动机提供动力——这是升级版的航天飞机主发动机，燃烧液氢和液氧。两枚54米固体助推器各产生360万磅推力，在发射的前两分钟贡献了绝大部分推力。满载燃料时，SLS总重达260万公斤。助推器在约7分钟后以时速约5000公里的速度、50公里高空完成分离；核心级继续燃烧约8分钟后分离，将猎户座送入高椭圆轨道。土星五号退役五十年后，人类终于建造出了一枚同等量级的巨兽。

Perched atop the SLS sits the Orion spacecraft — the crew module carrying four astronauts around the Moon and back. The Artemis II crew named their Orion capsule "Integrity," announced on September 24, 2025, representing "the foundation of trust" behind the mission. Built by Lockheed Martin, Orion (CM-003) is designed for deep space — unlike the International Space Station, which orbits just 250 miles above Earth, Orion must sustain its crew for 10 days across 500,000+ miles of travel. It features advanced life support (oxygen, CO₂ removal, temperature and humidity control), and a heat shield made of AVCOAT ablative material — the largest of its kind ever built — designed to withstand temperatures approaching 5,000°F during re-entry at ~25,000 mph.

坐落于SLS顶端的猎户座飞船，是四名宇航员十天深空旅途的家。机组将这艘飞船命名为"诚信"号（Integrity），于2025年9月24日正式公布——这个名字代表着整个任务背后的信任基石。由洛克希德·马丁公司建造的猎户座（CM-003）专为深空设计：国际空间站距地面只有400公里，而猎户座必须在80万公里以上的旅途中维持四名乘员的生存，历时十天。飞船配备完整的生命支持系统，以及人类有史以来制造的最大AVCOAT烧蚀材料隔热盾——这块盾牌必须在飞船以时速约4万公里冲入大气层时，承受接近2700摄氏度的烈焰，而机舱内部必须保持正常温度。名字叫"诚信"，因为这艘飞船不允许任何欺骗。

Directly behind the crew module sits the European Service Module — Artemis II's engine room. Built by Airbus Defence and Space for ESA, the ESM-2 provides everything needed to survive and maneuver in space. Propulsion: a main engine plus 32 smaller thrusters for orbital adjustments — including the critical translunar injection burn that sends Orion toward the Moon. Power: four solar array wings generating electricity from the Sun. Life support supplies: 240 kg of drinking water, 90 kg of oxygen, 30 kg of nitrogen. Total mass: 13,500 kg, including 8,600 kg of propellant. The ESM represents Europe's essential contribution to the Artemis program — without it, the crew module is just a cabin with no power and no way to move.

紧贴乘员舱后方的欧洲服务舱（ESM-2）是阿尔忒弥斯二号的引擎室，由空客防务与航天公司为欧洲航天局建造。它提供了深空飞行所需的一切：一台主发动机加32个小推力器用于轨道机动，包括将猎户座推向月球的关键"月球转移注入"点火；四块太阳能帆板提供电力；携带240公斤饮用水、90公斤氧气和30公斤氮气；总质量13500公斤，其中燃料重达8600公斤。没有欧洲服务舱，乘员舱就是一个没有动力、没有氧气供应、无法机动的密闭舱室。这是欧洲为人类重返月球做出的关键贡献，也是大西洋两岸太空合作的结晶。

Towering above the Orion capsule during launch is the Launch Abort System — a rocket-powered escape tower designed to pull the crew module away from the SLS in an emergency. In a fraction of a second, the LAS can fire its motors and whisk the capsule to a safe distance, deploying parachutes for an ocean landing. The system can activate at any point from T-0 on the pad to roughly two minutes after liftoff, protecting the crew through the most dynamically violent phase of the mission. While everyone hopes it's never needed, the LAS represents NASA's absolute commitment to crew safety. It is jettisoned once the rocket clears the most dangerous phase of the ascent — and its absence overhead is the first sign the worst is behind them.

屹立于猎户座顶端的发射逃逸系统（LAS），是一座由固体火箭驱动的逃生塔。在火箭出现险情的瞬间，它能在零点几秒内点火，将乘员舱从爆炸中强行拖离，展开降落伞落入海面。这套系统可在从点火时刻到升空后约两分钟的任何时间节点激活——正好覆盖整个飞行中动态载荷最为剧烈的阶段。没有人希望它真正启动，但它的存在让宇航员在攀越这道生死之门时多了一份确定的保障。逃逸塔在飞船安全穿越高危段后被抛弃——当它离去的瞬间，地面控制中心才真正松了一口气。

6:35 PM EDT — the SLS solid rocket boosters ignite at T-0, producing a combined 7.2 million pounds of thrust. The rocket clears the tower in seconds. At about 2 minutes, traveling 3,100 mph at 30 miles altitude, the boosters separate and fall away. The core stage burns for 8 minutes total, placing Orion into a highly elliptical orbit with an apogee of roughly 1,400 miles — nearly five times higher than the ISS. About 49 minutes after launch, the ICPS upper stage fires to begin raising Orion's orbit. Mission Specialists Koch and Hansen immediately begin testing critical life support systems: the water dispenser, firefighting masks, and toilet.

美东时间下午6时35分，固体助推器点火，SLS以720万磅合力推力离开39B发射台，数秒内清塔。约两分钟后，时速约5000公里、高度约50公里处，两枚助推器完成分离，弧线落入大西洋。核心级持续燃烧8分钟，将猎户座送入远地点约2250公里的高椭圆轨道——这已是国际空间站高度的五倍。发射后约49分钟，上面级ICPS点火进一步抬高轨道。科赫和汉森立刻着手测试关键生命支持系统：饮水装置、消防面罩和卫生设备。从地面仰望，那道笔直的白烟划过天空，是53年等待最终成真的印记。

A second engine burn pushes Orion into a high Earth orbit reaching 44,000 miles from Earth on a 23.5-hour period. Pilot Victor Glover moves to the commander's controls and performs proximity operations with the spent ICPS stage — close formation flying to evaluate Orion's manual handling qualities. This is a critical test of the spacecraft's maneuverability. After the demonstration, the ICPS backs away and deploys four international CubeSats from Argentina, Germany, South Korea, and Saudi Arabia before maneuvering itself into a disposal orbit. The crew converts the cabin from launch to flight configuration, sets up exercise equipment, and has their first meal in space.

第二次点火将猎户座推入远地点约7万公里、轨道周期23.5小时的高地球轨道。飞行员维克托·格洛弗移坐至指挥官操控位，亲手操控猎户座与废弃的ICPS上面级进行近距离编队飞行——这是对飞船手动机动性能的关键考验。演示完成后，ICPS退场，释放来自阿根廷、德国、韩国和沙特阿拉伯的四颗国际立方星，随后机动进入废弃轨道。机组将飞船从发射构型切换至飞行构型，安装运动设备，吃下抵达太空后的第一顿饭。距离地球的距离，已是国际空间站的180倍。

If all systems check out, mission controllers give the go-ahead for the most consequential moment of the flight: an approximately six-minute burn of the European Service Module's main engine. This translunar injection (TLI) accelerates Orion to escape velocity, placing it on a trajectory toward the Moon. There's no turning back now — though the free-return trajectory ensures that lunar gravity will sling the crew home even without further engine burns. Earth shrinks rapidly in the windows behind them. The Moon, still a bright point of light in the darkness ahead, begins its slow approach.

如果所有系统通过检验，地面控制中心将下达这次飞行中最重要的指令：欧洲服务舱主发动机点火约六分钟，完成月球转移注入（TLI）燃烧，将猎户座加速至逃逸速度，踏上奔向月球的轨道。从这一刻起，没有退路——但自由返回轨道确保即便发动机全部沉默，月球引力也能把他们送回家。地球在身后的窗口迅速缩小。月球，那个黑暗中的亮点，开始缓缓变大。这六分钟的点火，跨越了人类五十三年的等待。

The crew settles into a rhythm during the three-day outbound cruise. They monitor spacecraft systems, perform trajectory correction burns as needed, and conduct science experiments: AVATAR tissue radiation studies and ARCHAR health monitoring, which tracks sleep patterns, movement data, and collects immune biomarkers through saliva samples. As they travel farther from Earth than any humans in more than 53 years, the crew watches Earth shrink to a small blue marble behind them — and the Moon grow from a bright point of light to a world of craters and mountains ahead. Communication delays gradually increase. The silence between Earth and the spacecraft stretches longer with every passing hour.

三天的奔月航程中，机组进入日常节奏。他们监测飞船各系统状态，根据需要执行轨道修正点火，同时进行科学实验：AVATAR项目研究深空辐射对人体组织的影响，ARCHAR系统追踪睡眠模式、运动数据，并通过唾液样本收集免疫生物标志物。随着飞船越飞越远，地球在身后变成蓝色的玻璃球，月球在前方从亮点变成一个有山有坑的世界。通讯延迟逐渐增大，地球与飞船之间的沉默越拉越长。53年来没有一个人类到过这里。窗外是无边的黑暗，和人类最古老的梦想。

Orion swings around the Moon's far side at a closest approach of approximately 4,047 miles (6,513 km) from the surface. For the first time in history, humans will observe portions of the Moon's far side up close. The lighting conditions cast long shadows across craters, ridges, and slopes in dramatic relief. During the flyby, the crew loses contact with Earth as the Moon blocks radio signals — a brief but profound radio silence, just as Apollo experienced. At the farthest point, approximately 4,700 miles beyond the Moon's far side, the four astronauts are expected to become the farthest humans from Earth in history — surpassing the record set by the Apollo 13 crew on April 14, 1970, at 248,655 miles.

猎户座从月球远端掠过，最近接近距月面约6500公里——人类历史上首次如此近距离地目睹月球背面的真实面貌。低斜的光线将陨石坑、山脊和斜坡的轮廓以戏剧性的方式投影在月面上。飞掠期间，月球遮断了无线电信号，飞船陷入与地球的短暂通讯中断——那几分钟，四个人是宇宙中最孤独的人类。在月球背面最远处，距地球约40万公里，他们刷新了1970年阿波罗13号留下的人类离家最远纪录。五十四年了。那个纪录等了这一刻太久了。

Harnessing the Moon's gravity, Orion slings back toward Earth on its free-return trajectory. The crew continues systems tests and health experiments during the three-day return. Mission controllers may command small correction burns to refine the approach angle — the re-entry corridor is narrow, and getting it wrong by even a few degrees could mean bouncing off the atmosphere or burning up. The crew begins preparing for splashdown: stowing equipment, configuring the cabin for re-entry, and donning their pressure suits. Earth grows larger in the windows day by day. The planet that sent them on this journey is waiting to receive them home.

借助月球引力弹射，猎户座踏上回家之路。三天的返程中，机组继续进行系统测试和健康监测实验。地面控制中心可能下令执行数次小型修正点火，精确调整再入走廊的角度——这条走廊极为狭窄，偏差哪怕几度，要么在大气层外层弹飞，要么在烈焰中化为灰烬。宇航员们开始准备溅落：收存设备、将座舱调整至再入构型、穿上加压服。地球在窗前一天比一天大。那个蓝色的世界送他们出发，现在正等着他们回来。

Orion hits Earth's atmosphere at approximately 25,000 mph — the fastest crewed re-entry ever attempted, exceeding the record held by Apollo 10. At this speed, the heat shield must endure temperatures approaching 5,000°F as a superheated plasma envelope engulfs the capsule. Artemis II uses a direct re-entry profile — a modification made after unexpected heat shield erosion was observed during the uncrewed Artemis I mission. Eight parachutes deploy in sequence, slowing Orion from hypersonic speed to about 17 mph for a Pacific Ocean splashdown near San Diego, around April 10–11. The U.S. Navy recovers the crew and capsule using a San Antonio-class amphibious transport dock. Four astronauts step out. Ten days. 500,000+ miles. History made.

猎户座以约每小时4万公里的速度冲入大气层——这是人类有史以来最快的载人再入，超过了阿波罗10号保持的纪录。在这个速度下，飞船被炽热等离子体包裹，隔热盾外表面温度接近2700摄氏度，内舱却必须维持正常温度。阿尔忒弥斯二号采用直接再入方式——这是根据无人驾驶的阿尔忒弥斯一号任务中发现的意外隔热盾侵蚀现象做出的改进决策。八具降落伞依次展开，将飞船从超音速减速至约每小时27公里，在圣迭戈附近的太平洋完成溅落。美国海军以圣安东尼奥级两栖运输舰回收机组和飞船。四名宇航员走出舱门。十天，八十多万公里。历史已经写就。

Artemis II is the first crewed mission beyond low Earth orbit since Apollo 17 returned on December 19, 1972 — a gap of more than 53 years. For over half a century, every human space mission stayed within 250 miles of Earth. Today, four astronauts are finally heading back to the Moon. The mission is also the first crewed flight of both the SLS rocket and the Orion spacecraft. And with four people aboard, it carries more crew members into deep space simultaneously than any previous mission — Apollo carried a maximum of three.

阿尔忒弥斯二号是1972年12月19日阿波罗17号返回以来，人类首次飞越近地轨道的载人任务——中断时长超过53年。半个多世纪里，每一次人类太空飞行都只在距地面约400公里的低轨道徘徊。今天，四名宇航员终于再度踏上通往深空的路。这也是太空发射系统（SLS）和猎户座飞船首次执行载人任务。四人同时进入深空，更打破了阿波罗时代三人并行的纪录。五十三年是很长的时间——足够一个孩子变成老人，足够人类两代人来来去去。但月球一直在那里等待。

For the first time in history, the crew traveling beyond Earth orbit isn't all white, all male, or all American. Christina Koch is the first woman to travel beyond low Earth orbit — all 24 Apollo astronauts who flew to the Moon were men. Victor Glover is the first person of color to venture beyond low Earth orbit, carrying the legacy of his grandfather who served in the Air Force during the Korean War but was denied opportunities in aviation because of the color of his skin. Jeremy Hansen is the first non-American and first Canadian to travel beyond low Earth orbit, his selection made possible by a 2020 U.S.-Canada space cooperation agreement. These milestones represent not just individual achievements, but a statement about who gets to explore — and who the next generation of young people will see themselves in.

人类历史上，飞越近地轨道的机组首次不再全是白人、全是男性、全是美国人。克里斯蒂娜·科赫，人类历史上首位进入深空的女性——24名阿波罗宇航员全部是男性。维克托·格洛弗，首位进入深空的有色人种——他的祖父在朝鲜战争中服役，却因肤色被拒于飞行员生涯门外，而他替祖父飞到了月球。杰里米·汉森，首位进入深空的非美国人、加拿大首位月球宇航员——他的入选依托于2020年美加太空合作协议。这三个"首次"不只是个人荣誉，它们是一个关于"谁有权探索宇宙"的宣告——也是对下一代年轻人最有力的回答：宇宙属于所有人。

Artemis II is set to break multiple records simultaneously. Farthest humans from Earth: at ~4,700 miles beyond the Moon, the crew surpasses the Apollo 13 record of 248,655 miles set on April 14, 1970. Fastest crewed re-entry: at ~25,000 mph, Orion will exceed the record held by Apollo 10. Oldest person beyond LEO: Commander Reid Wiseman at 50 surpasses all Apollo-era lunar travelers, whose average age was 38. Most people in deep space simultaneously: four crew members at once, surpassing the three-person Apollo standard set by Apollo 8 in 1968. In one mission, humanity pushes all these limits — and opens the door for every mission that follows to push them further.

阿尔忒弥斯二号将同时打破四项纪录。最远：飞越月球背面约7600公里处，超越阿波罗13号1970年4月14日创下的40万公里离地记录。最快：以约每小时4万公里冲入大气层，超越阿波罗10号保持的载人再入速度纪录。最年长：50岁的指挥官怀斯曼，超越了所有阿波罗时代的月球宇航员（平均年龄38岁）。最多同时深空人数：四人并行，超越1968年阿波罗8号设立的三人纪录。一次任务，四道边界同时突破。而每一道被突破的边界，都在为未来的人类再往前推一步。

Jeremy Hansen holds a unique distinction: he has never been to space before. While all three of his crewmates are veteran astronauts, Hansen is a spaceflight rookie — making his debut not on a routine orbital mission, but on a journey around the Moon. This hasn't happened since the Apollo era, when several astronauts made their first spaceflight on lunar missions. Hansen's selection reflects the extraordinary trust NASA and CSA place in his abilities as a fighter pilot, physicist, and trained aquanaut and cavenaut who has extensively practiced mission scenarios in underwater habitats and cave systems. His preparation took 14 years from astronaut selection to launch — but his destination, on the very first try, was the Moon.

杰里米·汉森创造了一项独特的纪录：他从未上过太空，而他的太空首飞，直接是飞向月球。在三位战功赫赫的宇航员队友中，他是唯一的"新手"。上一次有宇航员以这种方式完成太空首秀，还是阿波罗时代。汉森的入选，体现了NASA和加拿大航天局对他的绝对信任——战斗机飞行员、物理学家、受训的"水下宇航员"和"洞穴宇航员"，他在水下实验室和撒丁岛洞穴中进行了多年的任务模拟。从2009年入选宇航员到2026年出发，等待了14年。但他的目的地，从第一次就是月球。有些人的首飞，注定与众不同。

The next chapter comes quickly. Artemis III, targeted for 2027, will test the rendezvous and docking systems essential for landing astronauts on the Moon. An Orion crew will meet up in low lunar orbit with one or both commercially developed lunar landers — SpaceX's Starship Human Landing System and Blue Origin's Blue Moon system — to practice the maneuvers a future landing crew will need to perform. This mission was originally planned as the first lunar landing, but was restructured in early 2026 to add this crucial test step first. The goal: make sure everything works perfectly before boots touch the surface.

下一章来得很快。计划于2027年执行的阿尔忒弥斯三号将测试在月球轨道上与登陆舱交会对接的全套系统——这是把宇航员送上月面的关键技术环节。猎户座飞船将在月球低轨道与商业登陆舱（SpaceX星舰载人版和蓝色起源蓝月亮系统中的一个或两个）进行交会对接演练，模拟未来登月任务所需的全套机动流程。这次任务原本计划是首次登月飞行，但2026年初经过重新规划，加入了这一关键验证步骤。原则只有一个：在靴子踏上月面之前，先把每一个环节都测一遍。

If Artemis III's tests succeed, Artemis IV is targeted for 2028 as the first crewed lunar landing since Apollo 17 in 1972. Astronauts will transfer from Orion to a commercial lander in lunar orbit, descend to the surface, conduct science, and return — fulfilling the promise of the Artemis program. The specific landing crew has not yet been named. NASA plans to send astronauts to the lunar south pole region, where water ice has been detected in permanently shadowed craters — a resource that could sustain future explorers and potentially be converted into rocket propellant for missions to Mars.

如果阿尔忒弥斯三号的演练一切顺利，阿尔忒弥斯四号计划于2028年成为自1972年阿波罗17号以来首次载人登月。宇航员将在月球轨道上从猎户座转移到商业登陆舱，降落月面，完成科学探索后返回——兑现整个阿尔忒弥斯计划的核心承诺。具体的登月机组名单尚未公布。NASA计划将宇航员送往月球南极地区——那里的永久阴影陨石坑中已探测到水冰，这是维持未来探索者生存的关键资源，甚至可能被转化为飞往火星的推进剂。人类离家56年，那一刻脚踩月面，将是另一个时代的开始。

The Artemis program's ultimate goal goes far beyond one-time visits. NASA envisions a sustained human presence on and around the Moon — what NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman has called a "Moon Base." Future missions will build up infrastructure piece by piece: habitats, power systems, rovers, in-situ resource utilization equipment, and communication relays. The Moon will serve as a testing ground for technologies needed for the ultimate destination: Mars. Living and working on the lunar surface will teach us how to survive on another world — managing radiation exposure, extracting resources from local materials, and maintaining human health far from home for months or years at a time.

阿尔忒弥斯计划的终极目标远不止几次登月飞行。NASA设想的是在月球上建立持久的人类存在——NASA局长贾里德·艾萨克曼称之为"月球基地"。未来的任务将一步步建立起月球基础设施：居住舱、电力系统、月球车、就地资源利用设备和通信中继站。月球将成为测试深空生存技术的试验场，也是通往火星的桥头堡。在月面生活和工作将教会人类如何在另一个世界生存：管理辐射暴露、从当地材料中提取资源、在远离地球的环境中维持人类健康数月乃至数年。这不是科幻故事——这是接下来二十年的工程计划。

As Commander Wiseman put it: "We've always looked at the moon and said, 'We've been there.' But for this whole generation — for the younger generation, for the Artemis generation — they're going to look at the moon now and go, 'We are there.'" Christina Koch defined success not as this single mission, but as the long arc of exploration it enables: "Success is Artemis 100, whenever that is. And we really define everything off of that." Artemis II isn't the end of a story. It's the beginning of one — written by a crew that looks like the world they represent, flying a spacecraft named Integrity, on a mission to prove that humanity's greatest adventures are still ahead.

怀斯曼指挥官说："我们一直仰望月球说'我们曾经去过'。但对这整整一代人——年轻的阿尔忒弥斯一代——他们今后看向月球，会说'我们在那里。'"科赫对成功的定义不是这一次任务，而是它开启的那道长长的探索弧线："成功是阿尔忒弥斯一百号，无论那是哪一天。我们所做的一切，都是为了那一天而定义的。"阿尔忒弥斯二号不是故事的结局，而是故事的开篇——由一支代表了这个世界多样性的机组书写，驾驶着一艘名为"诚信"的飞船，执行一项证明人类最伟大的冒险仍在前方的任务。