The Top 3 Geopolitical Risks That Will Change the World
改变世界格局的三大地缘政治风险
Global political scientist and Eurasia Group founder Ian Bremmer on Diary of a CEO with Steven Bartlett — breaking down the three risks that matter most from his annual Top 10 Risks report: America's political revolution, the Iran crisis, and China's strategic patience. Plus the threat everyone is underestimating: artificial intelligence.
全球顶尖政治学家、欧亚集团创始人Ian Bremmer做客Steven Bartlett节目,深度解读2026年度《十大风险报告》中最关键的三大风险——美国政治革命、伊朗危机与中国的战略耐心。此外还揭示了一个被严重低估的威胁:人工智能。
📊 Geopolitical Risk Matrix
📊 地缘政治风险矩阵
Bremmer maps 2026's dangers on two axes: how severe the threat is, and when it lands. The most treacherous quadrant is upper-left — critical severity, immediate timeline.
Bremmer用两个维度绘制2026年的威胁图谱:风险严重程度,以及威胁何时到来。最危险的象限是左上角——危急程度,即时时间线。
🇺🇸 US Political Revolution
🇺🇸 美国政治革命
The #1 risk in the 2026 report. America has gone from the world's stabilizer to its biggest source of geopolitical uncertainty — and the disruption touches every economy and alliance on the planet.
2026年报告的头号风险。美国已从全球稳定器变为地缘政治不确定性的最大来源——其影响波及地球上每一个经济体和联盟。
The "G-Zero World" — Nobody at the Helm
"G-0世界"——没有人掌舵的大船
For decades, America set the rules: free trade, collective security, open talent. Now the rule-setter is tearing up its own playbook. Tariffs, Venezuela, Greenland, Iran — uncertainty isn't coming from a challenger; it's coming from the owner of the rules. When America refuses to lead and no one can fill the gap, the G7, G20 become empty shells. You get a "G-Zero world" where the strong make their own rules and the weak absorb the consequences.
几十年来,美国制定规则:自由贸易、集体安全、人才开放。如今,规则的制定者自己撕毁了剧本。关税、委内瑞拉、格陵兰、伊朗——不确定性不是来自挑战者,而是来自规则的主人。当美国不愿领导、也没有人能顶替时,G7、G20都成了空壳——你得到的是一个"G-0世界",强者自订规矩,弱者只能忍受。
"Americans are saying: we refuse to be the leader we used to be."
"美国人在说:我们拒绝再当从前那个领导者了。"
— Ian Bremmer
— Ian Bremmer
Trump Will Fail — But the Revolution Won't End
特朗普会失败——但革命不会结束
Bremmer's forecast: Trump's policy incompetence and refusal to take expert advice will drive a crushing midterm loss in November. Republicans will start planning their own futures rather than following an 80-year-old. But the underlying demand for political revolution won't disappear. The question is: whoever captures that energy next — are they doing it for themselves, or for the country?
Bremmer的预测:特朗普的政策无能和拒绝接受专业意见将导致11月中期选举的惨败。共和党人会开始规划自己的前途,而不是继续追随一个80岁的老人。但对政治革命的底层需求不会消失。问题在于:下一个抓住这股能量的人,是为自己——还是为国家?
The Capital of Capitalism Elected a Democratic Socialist
资本主义之都选了一位民主社会主义者
Democratic socialist Zohran Mamdani now runs New York — the global financial capital. What does that tell you? People's hunger for fundamental change cuts across the political spectrum. The pressure is building on both left and right. And it's not just America — the global order reflects the same dynamic. When Americans retreat, the vacuum fills with chaos, not stability.
民主社会主义者Zohran Mamdani如今执掌纽约——全球金融之都。这说明什么?说明人们对根本变革的渴望跨越了政治光谱。无论左右,压力都在累积。而且不只在美国——全球秩序同样如此。当美国人撤退,真空只会被混乱填满。
"The biggest danger to the United States is not China — it's America."
"美国最大的敌人不是中国——是它自己。"
— Ian Bremmer
— Ian Bremmer
🇮🇷 Iran & the Strait of Hormuz
🇮🇷 伊朗与霍尔木兹海峡
Three reasons Trump went in, two possible outcomes, and the "glass jaw" Iran already spotted. The world's most critical oil chokepoint — and what happens if it closes.
特朗普出兵的三个原因、两种结局,以及伊朗早已看穿的那个"玻璃下巴"。世界最关键的石油咽喉要道——如果它关闭,会发生什么?
Venezuela Success Made Him Overconfident
委内瑞拉的胜利让他飘了
Trump's Venezuela operation was a masterpiece: zero casualties, Maduro arrested and in a Brooklyn jail, the new government cooperating on oil, mining, and political prisoners. South American leaders cheered. Eight million Venezuelan refugees had destabilized the entire region. Trump was emboldened — convinced he could replicate the playbook in Iran, but bigger.
特朗普的委内瑞拉行动堪称完美:零伤亡,马杜罗被逮捕关进布鲁克林监狱,新政府在石油、矿业和政治犯问题上全面配合。南美各国领导人一致叫好。八百万委内瑞拉难民曾让整个地区动荡不安。特朗普志得意满——觉得在伊朗可以复制这个剧本,而且规模更大。
Iran Never Actually Fought Back
伊朗从来没真打过
First term: Trump assassinated Soleimani, Iran's most charismatic military commander. Iran screamed "Death to America." What did it actually do? Nothing. June's 12-day war was the same story: Iran pre-warned US forces through Iraq before launching missiles — clearly not looking for a real fight. Trump's calculation: "Supreme Leader is 86, he's going to die anyway. Take him out, they'll negotiate like Venezuela."
第一任期时,特朗普暗杀了伊朗最有魅力的军事领袖苏莱曼尼。伊朗暴怒,高喊"美国去死"。实际做了什么?什么都没有。去年六月的12天战争也一样:伊朗通过伊拉克提前通知美军才发射导弹,明摆着不想真打。特朗普的内心算盘:"最高领袖86岁了,迟早要死——干掉他,剩下的人就会跟我谈判,就像委内瑞拉一样。"
Only Yes-Men Left in the Room
只剩下说"好"的人
First term, Trump had independent voices — Pompeo, Mattis — patriots who pushed back when they disagreed. This term, from Rubio to Bessent, everyone's primary loyalty is to the president personally. Everything gets spun as "how brilliant you are." When the Joint Chiefs chairman clearly thought it was a bad idea, and the military has war-gamed Iranian strait blockades for 30 years — Trump barely heard those voices.
第一任期的特朗普身边还有独立人格——蓬佩奥、马蒂斯——他们是爱国者,会在不同意时顶回去。这一次,从卢比奥到贝森特,所有人首先效忠的是总统本人。一切都被粉饰成"您太英明了"。当参谋长联席会议主席明确认为这是个馊主意、军方30年来一直在推演伊朗如何封锁海峡时——特朗普几乎听不到这些声音。
"He also has a glass jaw. He can't take a hit the way that unelected non-democracies can."
"他还有一个玻璃下巴——挨打的能力远不如那些不需要选举的独裁政权。"
— Ian Bremmer
— Ian Bremmer
Two Possible Outcomes
伊朗的两种结局
- Ceasefire extends beyond 14 days
- Dialogue deepens from the 21-hour Islamabad talks
- Iran makes nuclear enrichment concessions
- Iran retains strait toll rights, packaged as "reconstruction fees"
- International naval escort ensures strait security
- 停火延长超过14天
- 在巴基斯坦21小时谈判基础上继续深入对话
- 伊朗在核浓缩问题上做出让步
- 伊朗保留对海峡的特权通行收费权(以"重建/赔偿"名义包装)
- 国际护航舰队最终确保海峡安全
- Trump waits for full troop buildup (~15,000)
- US seizes Kharg Island (90% of Iran's oil exports)
- Iran strikes Gulf states and strait shipping in retaliation
- Coastal raids and ballistic missile sites targeted
- Ground escalation, mounting casualties
- Trump forced to sell a bad deal as a win
- 特朗普等待兵力集结完毕(约15,000人)
- 美军夺取哈尔克岛(伊朗90%石油出口)
- 伊朗报复打击海湾国家和海峡航运
- 海岸突袭和弹道导弹基地打击随之而来
- 地面部队升级,伤亡不断攀升
- 特朗普不得不给一头丑猪涂口红来推销
🇨🇳 China's Long Game
🇨🇳 中国的持久战
This isn't a 2026 crisis — it's a 10-to-20-year strategic repositioning. While America spins through electoral cycles, China is making moves it will never regret, reshaping who controls the technologies that will matter most.
这不是一场2026年的危机——而是一场10到20年的战略大挪移。当美国在选举周期里打转时,中国正在做"不会后悔的布局",重塑谁来掌控最关键的技术。
Critical Minerals — The Lock-In Play
关键矿产的锁死效应
Lithium, antimony, rare earths — these go into every device, every battery, every missile. China has invested massively in mining, processing, and refining globally for decades. Not just acquiring resources — mastering the reprocessing capacity. When Trump tariffed China, they hit back with critical mineral export controls — and CEOs swarmed to Mar-a-Lago: "You have to fix this or our production lines stop."
锂、锑、稀土——这些东西进入每一台设备、每一块电池、每一枚导弹。中国数十年来在全球范围内大规模投资采矿、加工和精炼。不只是获取资源,更掌握了再加工的能力。当特朗普对中国加征关税时,中国用关键矿产出口管制反击——CEO们蜂拥赶往海湖庄园:"你得解决这个问题,否则我们的产线要停了。"
Neck-and-Neck — or Already Ahead
平起平坐,甚至遥遥领先
EVs, batteries, solar, wind, nuclear — China is in all of it. Their EVs are global leaders. Their batteries are unmatched for scale efficiency. In the technologies that will reshape the world, China is either neck-and-neck with the US or far ahead. That means they can set rules, set standards, sell you products you can't live without. If they decide to cut supply, you're done.
电动汽车、电池、太阳能、风能、核能——中国全都在投。他们的电动汽车是全球领导者,电池在规模化效率上无人能及。在那些将改变世界的新技术领域,中国要么与美国并驾齐驱,要么大幅领先。这意味着他们能制定规则、设定标准,卖给你不可或缺的产品。如果他们决定断供,你就完了。
They Think in Decades. We Think in Quarters.
他们想的是十年,我们想的是下一季度
China has no November elections. They don't play short — they think 10, 20 years ahead. Step by step, no reckless moves. Meanwhile, America's "instant globalization" mindset asks: how do we maximize next quarter's earnings? If Taiwan were to move today, China won't act — because that's short-term behavior. That's not their style.
中国11月没有选举。他们不玩短期——他们想的是10年、20年以后。步步为营,不冒险。与此同时,美国的"即时全球化"思维问的是:下一季度财报怎么最大化?如果台湾今天出事,中国不会动——因为那是短期行为。那不是他们的风格。
"The biggest danger to the United States is not China — it's America. America is setting obstacles for itself."
"美国最大的危险不是中国——是美国自己。是美国在给自己设障碍。"
— Ian Bremmer
— Ian Bremmer
🇪🇺 Europe's Decline
🇪🇺 欧洲的衰退
They believed peace was permanent, abandoned nuclear power, over-regulated their tech sector — and now the world's biggest tech companies are saying: we don't actually need your market anymore.
他们以为和平是永久的,放弃了核能,过度监管了科技行业——如今全球最大的科技公司在说:你们的市场,我们不稀罕了。
The 1989 Illusion
1989年之后的幻觉
After the Berlin Wall fell in 1989 and the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, Europe believed peace would last forever. They didn't invest in defense or technology. They thought friends would fill the gaps, and quality of life could substitute for growth. They were catastrophically wrong. China got richer but didn't become democratic — it consolidated under Xi Jinping into an authoritarian system with no term limits.
1989年柏林墙倒塌、1991年苏联解体后,欧洲以为和平将永远持续。他们不投资国防,不投资科技。他们觉得朋友会补上缺口,高品质生活能弥补增长不足。他们大错特错。中国变富了,但没有变成民主国家。它在习近平领导下巩固为一个没有任期限制的独裁体制。
They Needed All-of-the-Above — and Chose One Lane
他们需要全面发展——却只选了一条路
China bet on everything: dirty coal for industry, while simultaneously scaling solar, wind, EVs, batteries, and nuclear. Europe? With France as the exception, it abandoned nuclear almost entirely, went green-only, and made other energy technologies prohibitively expensive. The result: an energy cost crisis that dragged down growth. Meanwhile the US became the world's largest oil producer, with Texas alone generating more renewable energy than any other state.
中国什么都投:脏煤用来撑工业,同时大规模发展太阳能、风能、电动汽车、电池和核能。欧洲呢?除了法国,几乎全面抛弃核能,只走绿色路线——还让其他能源技术举步维艰。结果就是能源成本危机,拖累了增长。与此同时,美国以巨大优势成为全球最大石油生产国,光一个德克萨斯州的可再生能源产量就超过其他任何州。
"We Just Don't Need Their Market Anymore"
"我们根本不再需要他们的市场了"
A CTO from one of the world's largest tech companies told Bartlett: EU over-regulation — like demanding removable batteries, making devices non-waterproof and less sustainable — has cost Europe its competitive edge. But the real death blow: markets like Brazil are coming online. They can simply choose not to sell to Europe. The Draghi Plan — an 800-page competitiveness blueprint — exists, but 27 countries can't execute like one.
一位全球最大科技公司的CTO告诉Bartlett:欧盟的过度监管——比如要求电池可拆卸,导致设备不再防水、更不环保——让欧洲丧失了竞争力。但真正的致命一击是:巴西等大市场正在崛起,他们完全可以选择不卖给欧洲。德拉吉计划——800页的竞争力改革方案——是存在的,但27个国家无法像一个国家那样执行。
Three Systems, Three Fatal Flaws
三大体制,各有致命伤
🇺🇸 US System
🇺🇸 美国模式
✓ Strength: Enormous growth and wealth creation
✓ 优势:巨大的增长与财富创造
✗ Fatal flaw: Average Americans don't benefit → Anger, populism
✗ 致命伤:普通人无法受益——愤怒与民粹
🇨🇳 China System
🇨🇳 中国模式
✓ Strength: Long-term state-directed investment
✓ 优势:长期国家主导投资
✗ Fatal flaw: Citizens have no say → "Lying flat," dissent
✗ 致命伤:公民没有话语权——"躺平"与异见
🇪🇺 Europe System
🇪🇺 欧洲模式
✓ Strength: Social contract, quality of life
✓ 优势:社会契约与生活品质
✗ Fatal flaw: Can't afford it → Over-regulated, no growth
✗ 致命伤:负担不起——监管过度,增长乏力
🤖 AI: The Most Underappreciated Risk
🤖 AI:被严重低估的风险
Anthropic built a model so powerful it could find every exploitable bug in every software system. The Fed and Treasury called an emergency meeting with bank CEOs. Jamie Dimon considered it a five-alarm fire. Almost nobody noticed.
Anthropic打造了一个强大到能发现所有软件系统漏洞的模型。美联储和财政部紧急召集银行CEO开会。摩根大通的戴蒙认为这是五级火警。然而几乎没人在意。
The Model Too Dangerous to Release
危险到不敢发布的模型
Anthropic's Mythos model could find security vulnerabilities in virtually every software system — banks, power grids, water systems. Not just the parts hackers can access — every exploitable gap. Fed Chair Jerome Powell and Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent immediately called an emergency meeting with every bank CEO. Jamie Dimon — who runs the best cyber-defense in the big-bank world — saw it as a five-alarm fire. The model had to be deployed internally to patch vulnerabilities before anyone else developed equivalent capability.
Anthropic的Mythos模型能找到几乎所有软件系统的安全漏洞——银行、电网、供水系统。不只是黑客能接触到的部分,而是每一个可以被利用的漏洞。美联储主席鲍威尔和财政部长贝森特立即紧急召集所有银行CEO开会。摩根大通的戴蒙——大银行中网络安全做得最好的——视此为五级警报。这个模型必须立刻内部部署来修补漏洞,赶在其他人开发出同等能力之前。
"If released, it would have been an immediate systemic risk to the global economy and our security."
"如果发布,将对全球经济和安全构成即时的系统性风险。"
— Ian Bremmer
— Ian Bremmer
Workers Training the AI That Will Replace Them
坐在树枝上锯自己脚下的树枝
Bartlett showed Bremmer a video: Indian factory workers wearing head cameras, filming their own hands at work — so AI companies can train models to replace them. The meme became reality: a person sitting on a branch, sawing it off themselves. Workers are providing the training data for their own redundancy. Not a metaphor. It's happening now.
Bartlett给Bremmer看了一段视频:印度工厂工人头戴摄像头,拍摄自己双手工作的过程——好让AI公司训练模型来取代他们。那个经典梗图成了现实:一个人坐在树枝上,亲手把自己脚下的树枝锯断。工人们正在为自己的淘汰提供训练数据。不是比喻,是正在发生的事。
Data Centers: More Hated Than You Think
数据中心:比你想象的更招人恨
A pro-tech, pro-business, moderate US senator told Bremmer: "I can't talk about data centers. I've never seen constituents this angry about any issue." No jobs. Power bills climbing. Water bills climbing. Visual nightmare. Billions flowing in, everyone wants them gone. AI's approval ratings in the US are now below ICE. The 2028 populist wave is brewing — this time driven by highly educated women worried about jobs and their children's futures.
一位亲科技、亲商业、立场温和的美国参议员告诉Bremmer:"我没法谈数据中心。我从来没见过选民对一个议题如此愤怒。"没有就业,电价上涨,水价上涨,市容噩梦。巨额投资涌入,所有人都恨不得把它们拆了。AI在美国的受欢迎程度现在甚至不如移民执法局。2028年的民粹浪潮正在酝酿——这一次,推动力量是拥有高学历、担心工作和孩子前途的女性。
"Artificial intelligence is eating its users."
"人工智能正在吞噬它的用户。"
— Ian Bremmer
— Ian Bremmer
🏛️ AI Governance — Three Proposals
🏛️ AI治理的三个方案
Bremmer's most actionable proposals — a concrete framework to prevent AI from becoming a tool of division rather than an engine of progress.
Bremmer最具操作性的提案——一个防止AI成为分裂工具而非进步引擎的具体框架。
US-China AI Arms Control
中美AI军控谈判
During the Cold War, arms control didn't begin until after the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis nearly destroyed the world. Only then came hotlines, deconfliction agreements, limits on "Star Wars" defense programs. AI needs the same architecture — before our own "Cuban Missile Crisis" moment arrives. The US and China must open formal AI arms control dialogue: joint limits, deconfliction agreements, clear red lines.
冷战期间,直到1962年古巴导弹危机差点毁灭世界之后,才开始了军控谈判。之后才有了热线、冲突规避协议、对"星球大战"防御计划的限制。AI也需要同样的机制——在我们自己的"古巴导弹危机"时刻到来之前。中美必须启动正式的AI军控对话:共同限制、冲突规避协议、明确的红线。
AI Stability Board
AI稳定委员会
Every time a financial crisis hits, all the world's central banks work together — the Fed, ECB, Bank of England, People's Bank of China — because they're technicians who know the system must function. AI needs the same: an independent stability board run by technicians who can identify systemic threats, communicate to power, and act immediately. Like the Financial Stability Board, but for AI.
每当金融危机爆发,全球所有央行都会携手合作——美联储、欧洲央行、英格兰银行、中国人民银行——因为他们是技术专家,深知系统必须运转。AI也需要同样的机制:一个由技术专家治理的独立稳定委员会,能够识别系统性威胁、向决策层传达信息、并立即采取行动。就像金融稳定委员会,但是为AI而设。
Universal AI Access Fund
AI普惠接入基金
Half of Africa doesn't have electricity. The gap between AI-empowered people and those without will be catastrophic — "like a different species." This isn't just a global problem; it's domestic too. Pilot a four-day or three-day work week in disrupted industries, using the extra time for AI training. But the money has to be spent now. If those best positioned to solve this are in "winner-take-all" mode, society fractures.
非洲一半人口没有电。有AI和没有AI的人之间的差距将是灾难性的——"就像不同的物种"。这不只是全球问题,国内也一样。可以先在受冲击行业试点四天或三天工作制,多出来的时间用于AI培训。但钱必须现在就花。如果最有能力解决这个问题的人都在"赢家通吃"模式里,社会就会崩裂。
"Like a different species" — on the gap between those with AI access and those without.
"就像不同的物种"——谈及有AI和没有AI的人之间的鸿沟。
— Ian Bremmer
— Ian Bremmer
🔭 The Bigger Picture
🔭 更宏观的视角
Beyond risks and politics — on algorithms, independence, and why holding the same opinions while the world changes means you'll be wrong.
超越风险与政治——关于算法、独立性,以及为什么在世界变化时固守同样的观点,注定会犯错。
Not You Using the Phone — the Phone Programming You
不是你在刷手机——是手机在"编程"你
Bremmer's deepest concern isn't artificial general intelligence — it's humans becoming more computer-like. When you spend all your time on your phone, that's a computer programming a human being. Prediction markets are turning political institutions into casinos. Algorithms sort us into categories. Genuine conversation — the kind where two people sit together for hours — is being mediated, echo-chambered, and replaced by algorithmically curated outrage.
Bremmer最深层的担忧不是通用人工智能——而是人类正在变得越来越像计算机。当你把所有时间都花在手机上时,那是一台计算机在给人类编程。预测市场把政治制度变成了赌场。算法把我们分类归档。真正的对话——那种人性化的、两个人坐在一起聊几个小时的对话——被中介化、回音壁和愤怒所取代。
"I'm not worried about artificial general intelligence. I'm worried about human beings becoming more computer-like."
"我不担心通用人工智能。我担心的是人类正在变得越来越像计算机。"
— Ian Bremmer
— Ian Bremmer
Independence Isn't a Privilege — It's an Obligation
独立不是特权,而是义务
When Bartlett asked Bremmer about independent media's role in an algorithm-driven world, Bremmer reframed it: "What you have isn't an opportunity — it's an obligation." If you can't be fired, you're responsible to stand above the 50% who will hate you for what you say. Too many people lack that independence. Those who have it must use it — honestly, unflinchingly.
当Bartlett问Bremmer独立媒体在算法驱动世界中的责任时,Bremmer重新定义了这个问题:"你拥有的不是机会——而是义务。"如果你不会被开除,你就有责任站在高处,超越那50%会因为你说的话而恨你的人。太多人没有这种独立性。拥有它的人必须使用它——真诚地、毫不退缩地。
Change Your Opinions, or the World Will Prove You Wrong
要么改变观点,要么被世界证明你错了
Perhaps the most resonant line of the whole conversation. In a world being reshaped by AI, geopolitical upheaval, and algorithmic tribalism, holding yesterday's positions isn't loyalty — it's intellectual surrender. But algorithms don't want you to change your mind. They profit from your consistency, your outrage, your certainty. Breaking free requires active resistance.
也许是整场对话中最有共鸣的一句话。在一个被AI、地缘动荡和算法部落主义重塑的世界里,固守昨天的立场不是忠诚——而是智识上的投降。但算法不希望你改变观点。它从你的一致性、你的愤怒、你的确定感中获利。要挣脱,需要主动抵抗。
"If you hold the same opinions as the world is changing, you will be wrong."
"如果世界在变而你的观点不变,那你一定是错的。"
— Ian Bremmer
— Ian Bremmer